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- On March 25, 1993, Carolyn Shoemaker looked at a strange fuzzy object on photographs that
- David Levy and Gene Shoemaker had taken. She commented that it looked like a squashed
- comet, and this was the first anyone knew about the comet Shoemaker-Levy 9. By the time it
- had been discovered by the Shoemakers and David Levy, the comet had been torn into 22
- fragments by the immense gravitational forces of Jupiter.
-
- In July 1992, the comet passed within 13,000 miles of Jupiter's cloud tops. It passed so close that
- Jupiter's tidal pull broke the comet into 22 pieces, looking like pearls on a string. Each fragment
- had its own tail, and the whole string had two large wings of dust on either end. It was not long
- before astronomers had figured out the path of the comet, and its imminent demise.
-
- Between July 16 and July 22, 1994, all of the major pieces of Shoemaker-Levy 9 crashed into
- Jupiter, creating huge explosions and leaving great dark holes in Jupiter's atmosphere. Since the
- collisions occurred facing away from the Earth, we did not have a direct view of the event. The
- Hubble Space Telescope provided the best observations of the aftermath of the collisions.
-
- The images collected by Hubble were indeed dramatic and dazzling. Flashes from the comet
- fragment explosions could be seen on Jupiter's moons, and reverberations could be detected all
- over the giant planet. As Jupiter rotated, large dark spots of the impact points were revealed.
- The Hubble Space Telescope provided a wealth of information, and allowed scientists to
- extrapolate computer models and simulations of the collisions.
-
- Using the Hubble Space Telescope to study this event was of great priority. Scientists did not
- know exactly what would happen when the comet fragments plunged into Jupiter. Knowing the
- effects of comet collisions, even on a planet as different from the Earth as Jupiter, is of the utmost
- importance to humans.
-
-
-
- Some 65 million years ago, scientists theorize that a large comet or asteroid slammed into Earth,
- causing mass extinctions of plants and animals, including the dinosaurs. Astronomers and
- planetary scientists have determined that the world will be hit again, perhaps as soon as the next
- century. Another impact of that magnitude would be enough to wipe out our civilization.
-
- Using the Hubble Space Telescope to observe, track and record comets and asteroids may be vital
- to the long term survival of the human species. If we know in advance of an asteroid or comet
- like Shoemaker-Levy 9 heading towards Earth, a strong space program could divert the comet's
- path from our planet. This argument, claims Dr. Theodore Mangrove of the Planetary Society, "is
- not science-fiction horror. It's plain scientific fact."